, [of the] State Government; (b) in the case of a person who is employed in connection with the affairs of [a State] and is not removable from his office save by or with the sanction of the State Government. Any reference, required by any Enactment, Rules, Orders, Convention, Usage etc. 262, Secretary of State in Council for India v. Education has always been treated in this country as religious and charitable activity and making it commercial is opposed to the ethos, tradition and sensibilities of this nation.

A citizen of this country may have a right to establish an educational institution but no citizen, person or institution has a right much less of fundamental right to affiliation or recognition. If, therefore, the dispute is a collective dispute, the party raising the dispute must have either a direct interest in the subject matter of dispute or a substantial interest therein in the sense that the class to which the (I) 32 C. Previous sanction necessary for prosecution (1) No court shall take cognizance of an offence punishable under section 7, 10, 11, 13 and 15 alleged to have been committed by a public servant, except with the previous sanction,- (a) in the case of a person who is employed in connection with the affairs of the Union and is not removable from his office save by or with the sanction of the Central Government, of that Government; (b) lawyers in Supreme Court the case of a person who is employed in connection with the affairs of a State and is not removable from his office save by or with the sanction of the State Government, of that Government; (c) in the case of any other person, of the authority competent to remove him from his office.

Even on general principles, the matter could be approached this way. There are two main types of duplicating: stencil duplicating and spirit or hectographic duplicating. The Court held that imparting education cannot be treated as a trade or business. to be made to the Council shall henceforth be made to the Administrator, Junagadh State, in whom all the powers so far exercised by the Council and its Members shall henceforth vest. No particulars were however furnished and no inspection was allowed; but on that very date when they had this interview with Mr.

It is a battle by the claimants, not for themselves alone. 00 Lakhs (Rupees Twenty Five Lakhs only) per annum will be charged as lease rent for waterfront and way leave facility compensation. Kamachee Boye Sahaba, [1859] EngR 836; (1859) 13 Moore P. Duplicating, as opposed to photocopying, requires the preparation of a master sheet which makes duplicates on a machine. This Court observed that education has never been nor can it be allowed to become commerce in this country.

In Unni Krishnans case, 1993 (1) SCC 645, the right guaranteed under Article 19(1)(g) has been elaborately discussed by the five Judges Constitution Bench. " Section 18 of the Act supports the aforesaid observations, in so far as it makes the award binding not merely on the parties to the dispute, but where the party is an employer, on his heirs, successors or assigns and where the party is composed of workmen, on all persons employed in the establishment and all persons who subsequently become employed therein.

Sundaram to give them particulars and that they might be permitted to inspect the papers. Once these three elements are proved to be present, the enquiry proceeds further and, Fourthly, it must be proved that the injury of the type just described made up of the three elements set out above is sufficient to cause death in the ordinary course of nature. "The very nature of, an I industrial dispute' as distinguished from an individual dispute, is to obtain new industrial conditions, not merely for the specific individuals then working from the specific individuals then employing them, and not for the moment only, but for the class of employees from the class of em- ployers.

Freedom of speech and expression includes within its scope the freedom of the press and it would be 119 apposite here to refer to the following passages from " Freedom of the Press-A Framework of Principles " (Report of the Commission on Freedom of Press in the United States of America). 22, Vaje Singh Ji joravar Singh [1774] EngR 5; 98 E. Secretary of State for India, (1906) i K. Their Lordships observed:- 67. In case the direct berthing facilities provided for captive cargo (ship size calling at jetty of 10,000 DWT and above) an amount of Rs.

This part of the enquiry is purely objective and inferential and has nothing to do with the intention of the offender. Sundaram the first respondent made the order of cancellation. (2) In the case of any person whose total income is, in the Income-tax Officer's opinion, of such an amount as to render such person liable to income-tax, the Income-tax Officer may serve a notice upon him requiring him to furnish, within such period, not being less than thirty days.

Trade or business normally connotes an activity carried on with a profit motive.